- Overview
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Visual perceptual abilities develop rapidly in infants, but considerable maturation occurs in preschool and elementary school-aged children. Several things can go wrong during the course of this development and a child may be left with visual deficits that interfere with different aspects of life. Of particular interest are motion and depth perception. The goal of our research is to understand the normal development of the underlying brain structures that control these perceptual abilities and to discover the changes in the brain that result in deficits. We focus specifically on a developmental visual disorder called amblyopia, or lazy eye, and a developmental reading disorder called dyslexia.
- Publications
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Evaluating visuomotor coordination in children with amblyopia
Developmental Psychobiology
Sabrina W. Hou and Yan Zhang and Lisa Christian and Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo and Deborah Giaschi
DOI: 10.1002/dev.22270
05/2022Effect of Visual Field Location on Global Motion Perception: A Developmental Study
Perception
Yousef M. Shahin and Kimberly Meier and Deborah Giaschi
DOI: 10.1177/0301006620930901
07/2020Concurrent maturation of visuomotor skills and motion perception in typically-developing children and adolescents
Developmental Psychobiology
Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo and Kimberly Meier and Lisa Christian and Mina Nouredanesh and James Tung and Pamela Bryden and Deborah Giaschi
DOI: 10.1002/dev.21931
04/2020Longitudinal outcomes of an individualized and intensive reading intervention for third grade students
Dyslexia
Marita Partanen and Linda S. Siegel and Deborah E. Giaschi
DOI: 10.1002/dys.1616
08/2019Impaired Fellow Eye Motion Perception and Abnormal Binocular Function
Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26885
08/2019Effect of reading intervention and task difficulty on orthographic and phonological reading systems in the brain
Neuropsychologia
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.018
07/2019Fellow Eye Deficits in Amblyopia
Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility
Eileen E. Birch and Krista R. Kelly and Deborah E. Giaschi
DOI: 10.1080/2576117X.2019.1624440
07/2019Continuous theta burst TMS of area MT+ impairs attentive motion tracking
Arijit Chakraborty and Tiffany T. Tran and Andrew E. Silva and Deborah Giaschi and Benjamin Thompson
DOI: 10.1101/601807
04/2019Reading ability of children treated for amblyopia
Vision Research
Laveniya Kugathasan and Marita Partanen and Violet Chu and Christopher Lyons and Deborah Giaschi
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.01.001
03/2019The Effect of Stimulus Area on Global Motion Thresholds in Children and Adults
Vision
Kimberly Meier and Deborah Giaschi
DOI: 10.3390/vision3010010
03/2019Dichoptic Attentive Motion Tracking is Biased Toward the Nonamblyopic Eye in Strabismic Amblyopia
Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25236
09/2018Neural Correlates of Speed-Tuned Motion Perception in Healthy Adults
Perception
Kimberly Meier and Marita Partanen and Deborah Giaschi
DOI: 10.1177/0301006618771463
06/2018Disparity configuration influences depth discrimination in naïve adults, but not in children
Vision Research
Wilcox, L.M. and Hartle, B. and Solski, A. and Mackenzie, K.J. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.12.010
2017Unilateral amblyopia affects two eyes: Fellow eye deficits in amblyopia
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Meier, K. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20964
2017Effect of spatial and temporal stimulus parameters on the maturation of global motion perception
Vision Research
Meier, K. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.04.004
2017A case of Bilateral Perisylvian Syndrome with reading disability
Cortex
Eckert, M.A. and Berninger, V.W. and Hoeft, F. and Vaden, K.I. and Beaulieu, C. and Berninger, V. and Castellanos, X. and Chiarello, C. and Conway, T. and Cutting, L. and Dehaene-Lambertz, G. and Eden, G. and Frye, R. and Giaschi, D. and Gilger, J. and Hoeft, F. and Kibby, M. and van Krigstein, K. and Kronbichler, M. and Leonard, C. and Milham, M. and Odegard, T. and Poldrack, R. and Pugh, K. and Richards, T. and Rollins, N. and Schneider, K. and Talcott, J. and Wandell, B.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.004
2016Global motion perception in children with amblyopia as a function of spatial and temporal stimulus parameters
Vision Research
Meier, K. and Sum, B. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.06.011
2016The effect of occlusion therapy on motion perception deficits in amblyopia
Vision Research
Giaschi, D. and Chapman, C. and Meier, K. and Narasimhan, S. and Regan, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.05.015
2015Using Colors to Assess Pain in Toddlers: Validation of “The Rainbow Pain Scale”—A Proof-of-Principle Study
Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing
Mahon, P. and Holsti, L. and Siden, H. and Strahlendorf, C. and Turnham, L. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1177/1043454214555197
2015Flicker adaptation or superimposition raises the apparent spatial frequency of coarse test gratings
Vision Research
Kaneko, S. and Giaschi, D. and Anstis, S.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.01.005
2015The maturation of global motion perception depends on the spatial and temporal offsets of the stimulus
Vision Research
Meier, K. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.12.007
2014On the typical development of stereopsis: Fine and coarse processing
Vision Research
Giaschi, D. and Narasimhan, S. and Solski, A. and Harrison, E. and Wilcox, L.M.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.07.011
2013Sparing of coarse stereopsis in stereodeficient children with a history of amblyopia
Journal of Vision
Giaschi, D. and Lo, R. and Narasimhan, S. and Lyons, C. and Wilcox, L.M.
DOI: 10.1167/13.10.17
2013The effect of dot speed and density on the development of global motion perception
Vision Research
Narasimhan, S. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.02.016
2012The Processing of Motion-Defined Form
Seeing Spatial Form
Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172881.003.0008
2012Quantitative measurement of interocular suppression in children with amblyopia
Vision Research
Narasimhan, S. and Harrison, E.R. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.06.007
2012Cortical basis for dichotic pitch perception in developmental dyslexia
Brain and Language
Partanen, M. and Fitzpatrick, K. and Mädler, B. and Edgell, D. and Bjornson, B. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.09.002
2012Effects of speed, age, and amblyopia on the perception of motion-defined form
Vision Research
Hayward, J. and Truong, G. and Partanen, M. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2011.08.023
2011Neural correlates of the multiple-object tracking deficit in amblyopia
Vision Research
Secen, J. and Culham, J. and Ho, C. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2011.10.011
2011Combined functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging analysis of visual motion pathways
Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology
Lanyon, L.J. and Giaschi, D. and Young, S.A. and Fitzpatrick, K. and Diao, L. and Bjornson, B.H. and Barton, J.J.S.
DOI: 10.1097/WNO.0b013e3181a58ef8
2009The role of low-spatial frequencies in lexical decision and masked priming
Brain and Cognition
Boden, C. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.12.002
2009Low- and high-level motion perception deficits in anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia: Evidence from fMRI
Vision Research
Ho, C.S. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.07.012
2009Low- and high-level first-order random-dot kinematograms: Evidence from fMRI
Vision Research
Ho, C.S. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.04.018
2009Navigational skills correlate with hippocampal fractional anisotropy in humans
Hippocampus
Iaria, G. and Lanyon, L.J. and Fox, C.J. and Giaschi, D. and Barton, J.J.S.
DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20400
2008M-stream deficits and reading-related visual processes in developmental dyslexia.
Psychological Bulletin
Catherine Boden and Deborah Giaschi
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.346
03/2007Deficient motion-defined and texture-defined figure-ground segregation in amblyopic children
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Wang, J. and Ho, C.S. and Giaschi, D.E.
2007Stereopsis-dependent deficits in maximum motion displacement in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia
Vision Research
Ho, C.S. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.07.008
2007The role of cortical area V5/MT+ in speed-tuned directional anisotropies in global motion perception
Vision Research
Giaschi, D. and Zwicker, A. and Young, S.A. and Bjornson, B.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2006.12.017
2007Abnormal spatial selection and tracking in children with amblyopia
Vision Research
Ho, C.S. and Paul, P.S. and Asirvatham, A. and Cavanagh, P. and Cline, R. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2006.03.029
2006The effects of optical blur on motion and texture perception
Optometry and Vision Science
Zwicker, A.E. and Hoag, R.A. and Edwards, V.T. and Boden, C. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1097/01.opx.0000222919.21909.1e
2006Deficient maximum motion displacement in amblyopia
Vision Research
Ho, C.S. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2006.09.025
2006Deficient motion perception in the fellow eye of amblyopic children
Vision Research
Ho, C.S. and Giaschi, D.E. and Boden, C. and Dougherty, R. and Cline, R. and Lyons, C.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.12.009
2005The maturation of form and motion perception in school age children
Vision Research
Parrish, E.E. and Giaschi, D.E. and Boden, C. and Dougherty, R.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.10.005
2005Sensory and nonsensory influences on children's performance of dichotic pitch perception tasks
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Edwards, V.T. and Giaschi, D.E. and Low, P. and Edgell, D.
DOI: 10.1121/1.1861599
2005Children with dyslexia: Evidence for visual attention deficits in perception of rapid sequences of objects
Vision Research
Visser, T.A.W. and Boden, C. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.05.010
2004The effect of disrupting the human magnocellular pathway on global motion perception
Vision Research
Chapman, C. and Hoag, R. and Giaschi, D.
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.06.003
2004Psychophysical indexes of temporal processing abnormalities in children with developmental dyslexia
Developmental Neuropsychology
Edwards, V.T. and Giaschi, D.E. and Dougherty, R.F. and Edgell, D. and Bjornson, B.H. and Lyons, C. and Douglas, R.M.
DOI: 10.1207/s15326942dn2503_5
2004Warning: Attending to a mask may be hazardous to your perception
Psychonomic Bulletin and Review
Tata, M.S. and Giaschi, D.E.
2004Conscious visual abilities in a patient with early bilateral occipital damage
Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
Giaschi, D. and Jan, J.E. and Bjorson, B. and Young, S.A. and Tata, M. and Lyons, C.J. and Good, W.V. and Wong, P.K.H.
DOI: 10.1017/S0012162203001439
2003Motion coherence thresholds can be elevated by flicker adaptation or red background
Journal of Vision
Hoag, R.A. and Chapman, C.S. and Giaschi, D.E.
DOI: 10.1167/3.9.274
2003Attention deficits in children with anisometropic amblyopia
Journal of Vision
Paul, P.S. and Giaschi, D. and Cavanagh, P. and Cline, R.
DOI: 10.1167/1.3.80
2001Cortical mechanisms of central pitch processing revealed by dichotic pitch stimuli
NeuroImage
Giaschi, D. and Bjornson, B. and Dougherty, R. and Young, S.A.
2000Non-invasive mapping of sensorimotor cortex in a child with a cavernous angioma: FMRI and high-resolution EEG compared with surgical mapping
NeuroImage
Bjornson, B. and Giaschi, D. and Cochrane, D. and Au Young, S. and Rootman, D. and Boden, C. and Connolly, M. and Poskitt, K. and Boyle, C. and Smith, S. and Akagemi, R. and Wong, P.K.H.
1999High resolution EEG & seizure localization
NeuroImage
Wong, P.K.H. and Bjornson, B. and Connolly, M. and Steinbok, P. and Young, S.A. and Giaschi, D. and Gregory, D. and Smith, S. and Lee, R. and Man, A. and Cochrane, D.
1999Dichotic pitch: A new stimulus distinguishes normal and dyslexic auditory function
NeuroReport
Dougherty, R.F. and Cynader, M.S. and Bjornson, B.H. and Edgell, D. and Giaschi, D.E.
1998Comparison of visual activation measured by fMRI and high resolution EEC
NeuroImage
Dougherty, R.F. and Au Young, S.M.W. and Giaschi, D.E. and Bjornson, B.H. and Wong, P.K.H.
1998The effect of stationary noise on global motion perception
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Giaschi, D.E. and Simpson, W.A. and Ferdinandi, A.K. and Tata, M.S.
1997In search of the best psychophysical indicator of an M-stream deficit in developmental dyslexia
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Dougherty, R.F. and Giaschi, D.E. and Bjornson, B.H. and Chamul, S.L. and Edgcll, D. and Lyons, C.J.
1997Development of motion-defined figure-ground segregation in preschool and older children, using a letter-identification task
Optometry and Vision Science
Giaschi, D. and Regan, D.
DOI: 10.1097/00006324-199709000-00024
1997Reversible dissociation of sensitivity to dynamic stimuli in Parkinson's disease: Is magnocellular function essential to reading motion-defined letters
Vision Research
Giaschi, D. and Lang, A. and Regan, D.
DOI: 10.1016/S0042-6989(96)00316-1
1997Loss of sensitivity to motion-defined form in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision
Giaschi, D.E. and Trope, G.E. and Kothe, A.C. and Hong, X.-H.
1996Crowding and contrast in amblyopia
Optometry and Vision Science
Giaschi, D.E. and Regan, D. and Kraft, S.P. and Kothe, A.C.
1993Measurement of glare susceptibility using low-contrast letter charts
Optometry and Vision Science
Regan, D. and Giaschi, D.E. and Fresco, B.B.
1993The time course of direction-selective adaptation in simple and complex cells in cat striate cortex
Journal of Neurophysiology
Giaschi, D. and Douglas, R. and Marlin, S. and Cynader, M.
1993Measurement of glare sensitivity in cataract patients using low-contrast letter charts
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics
Regan, D. and Giaschi, D.E. and Fresco, B.B.
1993Defective processing of motion-defined form in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral amblyopia
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Giaschi, D.E. and Regan, D. and Kraft, S.P. and Hong, X.-H.
1992Motion-defined letter detection and recognition in patients with multiple sclerosis
Annals of Neurology
Giaschi, D. and Regan, D. and Kothe, A. and Hong, X.H. and Sharpe, J.A.
1992Method for identifying amblyopes whose reduced line acuity is caused by defective selection and/or control of gaze
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics
Regan, D. and Giaschi, D.E. and Kraft, S.P. and Kothe, A.C.
1992Visual processing of motion-defined form: Selective failure in patients with parietotemporal lesions
Journal of Neuroscience
Regan, D. and Giaschi, D. and Sharpe, J.A. and Hong, X.H.
1992Suppression of OKN and VOR by afterimages and imaginary objects
Experimental Brain Research
Howard, I.P. and Giaschi, D. and Murasugi, C.M.
DOI: 10.1007/BF00248537
1989The less you see it, the faster it moves: Shortening the "on-time" speeds up apparent motion
Vision Research
Giaschi, D. and Anstis, S.
DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(89)90082-5
1989Adaptation to apparent motion
Vision Research
Anstis, S. and Giaschi, D. and Cogan, A.I.
DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(85)90093-8
1985 - Research
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Predicting patching treatment success in children with amblyopia
Amblyopia (lazy eye) is a common developmental disorder in which vision is impaired in one eye and cannot be corrected with glasses. An eye turn or an optical problem can cause amblyopia to develop in an otherwise healthy eye. If these problems are detected and treated when a child is young enough, amblyopia can often be prevented or reversed by patching the unaffected fellow eye; however, not all children respond well to this patching therapy. Treatment failures may occur because patching treats only some of the problems in amblyopia. Most amblyopia treatment and research focuses on problems with form perception, such as visual acuity (the smallest character that can be seen on an eye chart). In contrast, our research focuses on problems with motion perception and eye gaze control. We are using customized computer games to identify visual problems that predict treatment success by testing children (age 4 to 7 years) who are about to start patching therapy and children with normal vision.Motion perception in children
It is rare for a person to totally lack the ability to perceive motion, but certain developmental disorders affect the ability to perceive specific types of motion. In addition, the development of motion perception in children differs for different types of motion. The age at which performance on different visual tasks reaches adult levels may be an indicator of the brain structures and the amount of processing involved. We use computer ‘games’ to obtain information about the typical maturation of motion perception and about the changes in motion perception caused by lazy eye, dyslexia or preterm birth. We are also using functional MRI to study the brain regions involved in these developmental disorders.Evaluation of reading improvement and brain changes following treatment for dyslexia
There are some children who have difficulty learning to read. This disability is called developmental dyslexia. Children with dyslexia have poor school performance, but they may also develop mental health problems. Therefore, increasing reading skills in childhood is very important to their overall health as adults. The purpose of our research is to evaluate an intensive reading intervention program using behavioural and neuroimaging techniques, and whether these measures can predict success with the intervention program. We are also examining the brain networks associated with reading and reading difficulty.Honours & AwardsBC Research Institute for Children’s & Women’s Health Investigatorship Award – 1999-2002
Research Group MembersAkosua Asare, Doctoral Candidate
Audrey Chang, Research Assistant
Alex Cook, Grad student
Alexis Fong, Research Assistant
Jane Gardiner, pediatric ophthalmologist
Luke Huang, Research Assistant
Zahra Kheradmandsaadi, Doctoral Student
Eddie Kim
Giaschi Lab, Research Assistant
Meriwether Morris, Research Assistant
Redefining 'lazy eye' and investigating its effects on reading ability
Dr. Deborah Giaschi is investigating the reading ability of children with this vision development disorder, which has traditionally been considered an impairment of one eye. However, it may be that this definition needs to be revisited.
